Rubén Fernández Boullón

All my links

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this is what I do:
look inside models like this one

hello, world!

Opening up neural networks to understand what they do

click any word to see how Gemma reads it

“what” question“they”machine learningauxiliary verbpronoun for a groupsomeone confused, askingcontraction (they're)

pushesinhibitsyour word, ␣do: 19% (rank 2)

hover a node to see its features

About me

Inside the black box

I'm an AI researcher working where AI alignment, mechanistic interpretability and deep learning meet. For three years at the Applied Artificial Intelligence Lab (LIA2) of the University of Vigo I used causal and correlational graphs to analyse neural activations and map how large language models are aligned inside, and designed my own benchmarks to evaluate how they behave from the outside.

A pragmatic builder

Research is only half of it. I design and deploy full-cycle AI applications and run the infrastructure under them, from on-premise Proxmox and OpenStack to Azure and Google Cloud, with MLOps, DevOps and CI/CD practices so that what works in a notebook also holds up in production.

Teams and community

Before the lab I led the AI team of UVigo Motorsport, turning a Formula Student car into a driverless vehicle that finished in the top 10 at Formula Student UK in its debut. Today I lead GDG Ourense, teaching and organising courses, talks and hackathons. With a master's in Computer Engineering finished, I want to contribute to research teams working on safe, capable and aligned AI systems.

Portrait of Rubén Fernández Boullón

CV

Publications

Papers, preprints and datasets I have authored or co-authored.

  1. 2026datasetZenodo

    CogTax: dataset of taxonomy-labelled Linux/bash commands

    Manuel Alonso-Carracedo, Rubén Fernández-Boullón, Pedro Celard, Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Martínez, Lorena Otero-Cerdeira

  2. 2026preprintarXiv

    Automated grading of Linux/bash examinations using large language models: a four-level cognitive taxonomy approach

    Manuel Alonso-Carracedo, Rubén Fernández-Boullón, Pedro Celard, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Martínez, Lorena Otero-Cerdeira

  3. 2026preprintarXivunder review · PeerJ Computer Science

    CogTax: A Four-Level Cognitive Taxonomy for Command-Line Computing Education

    Manuel Alonso-Carracedo, Rubén Fernández-Boullón, Pedro Celard, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Martínez, Lorena Otero-Cerdeira

  4. 2026datasetZenodo

    PoultryONT Dataset: An OWL 2 DL Ontology and Instances for Smart Poultry Farm Management

    Manuel Alonso-Carracedo, Lorena Otero-Cerdeira, Pedro Celard, Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Martínez, Rubén Fernández-Boullón, Alma Gómez-Rodríguez

  5. 2026preprintarXivunder review · NeurIPS

    Patch-Effect Graph Kernels for LLM Interpretability

    Rubén Fernández-Boullón, David N. Olivieri

    Code →
  6. 2026preprintarXivunder review · NeurIPS

    From Token Lists to Graph Motifs: Weisfeiler-Lehman Analysis of Sparse Autoencoder Features

    Rubén Fernández-Boullón, Pablo Magariños-Docampo, Javier Pérez-Robles

  7. 2025preprintarXiv

    A Modular Architecture Design for Autonomous Driving Racing in Controlled Environments

    Brais Fontán-Costas, Miguel Díaz-Cacho, Rubén Fernández-Boullón, Manuel Alonso-Carracedo, Javier Pérez-Robles

Projects

Research

PIG — Patching-based Interpretability Graphs

LIA2 · Universidade de Vigo · 2026

Mechanistic interpretability framework for LLMs. It generates interventional datasets through activation patching, summarises the effect of each patch as a sparse directed graph, and compares those graphs with classical and quantum kernel methods to build a similarity geometry over circuits. Code behind the paper “Patch-Effect Graph Kernels for LLM Interpretability”.

  • Python
  • PyTorch
  • Mechanistic interpretability
  • Graph kernels
  • uv

Activation patching on GPT-2 and toy transformers • One sparse graph per slice of prompts • Weisfeiler-Lehman and quantum kernels • Causal validation on a disjoint split

STRAP-LLM

Research tooling · 2026

Streaming Transformer Activation Pipeline: a high-throughput framework for capturing the internal activations of large language models while they run. Hooks feed an async queue, compression and a ring buffer before an async writer, with the goal of keeping at least 90% of baseline inference speed while streaming several GB/s to disk.

  • Python
  • PyTorch
  • asyncio
  • LZ4 / Zstd
  • Transformers

Full-tensor, sampled, attention-only and MLP-only hooks • FP16 downcast plus LZ4 or Zstd compression • Per-token checkpoints and resumable captures • Documented stream format for offline analysis

Quantum drone path planning

Quantum computing · 2025

Drone route planning as a quantum optimisation problem: a simplified travelling salesman problem is encoded as a Hamiltonian and solved with QAOA on the Qibo framework, with optional GPU execution through its CUDA backend.

  • Python
  • Qibo
  • QAOA
  • CUDA

TSP encoded as a Hamiltonian • QAOA with configurable depth and optimiser • GPU execution via Qibo's CUDA backend

Applied AI

AutoPaperwork

Personal project · 2025

Local retrieval-augmented generation to fill in documents automatically. Everything runs on the user's machine, so the personal or business data used to complete a form never leaves it.

  • Python
  • RAG
  • LLMs
  • Local inference

Fully local RAG pipeline • Customisable document templates • Released under AGPL-3.0

Poultry Insight — digital twin

LIA2 · Universidade de Vigo · 2025

Web front end for a digital twin of a smart poultry farm, built alongside the PoultryONT ontology to turn farm data into something a manager can read at a glance.

  • TypeScript
  • React
  • Tailwind CSS
  • Digital twin

Dashboard for farm monitoring • Companion to the PoultryONT ontology

Software

E-learning platform

Software engineering · 2026

A small e-learning platform with full CRUD for platforms, courses, students, enrolments and lessons: a Spring Boot REST API with business rules enforced on the back end, and a React front end.

  • Java
  • Spring Boot
  • React
  • JPA
  • Bootstrap

REST API with Spring Boot 3 and Spring Data JPA • Reusable lessons shared across courses • React 18 front end with React Router

IoT data logger

Personal project · 2025

A small Rust program that reads data from IoT devices and persists it to disk.

  • Rust
  • IoT

Stack

The tools I work with, placed where a language model puts them internally: what Gemma sees as similar ends up close together.

AAzureBBashCCC / C++CBCAN busDDeepStreamDDockerFFastAPIGGitGCGoogle CloudHCHTML / CSSJJavaKKerasLLangChainLLinuxMMATLABMMLflowNJNVIDIA JetsonNJNode.jsOOpenStackPPandasPProxmoxPPyTorchPPythonRROSRReactRRustSSQLAlchemySBSpring BootSSvelteTTensorFlowTTensorRTTTypeScriptYYOLOSLscikit-learn

Languages

  • Python
  • C / C++
  • TypeScript
  • Java
  • Rust
  • Bash
  • MATLAB

Backend

  • FastAPI
  • Node.js
  • SQLAlchemy
  • Spring Boot

Frontend

  • React
  • Svelte
  • HTML / CSS

Data & AI

  • PyTorch
  • TensorFlow
  • Keras
  • scikit-learn
  • Pandas
  • MLflow
  • YOLO
  • TensorRT
  • DeepStream
  • LangChain

DevOps

  • Docker
  • Git
  • Linux
  • ROS
  • NVIDIA Jetson
  • CAN bus
  • Proxmox
  • OpenStack
  • Azure
  • Google Cloud

Experience

  1. Researcher @ Universidade de Vigo · LIA2

    • Research in mechanistic interpretability, using causal and correlational graphs to analyse neural activations and map the internal alignment of large language models.
    • External evaluation of LLMs with proprietary benchmarks built from educational datasets (real student exams) to test model capabilities and prompt robustness.
    • Full-cycle applications deployed on Proxmox and OpenStack, with cloud provisioning on Azure and Google Cloud, and risk mitigation in production.
    • PyTorch
    • Proxmox
    • OpenStack
    • Azure
    • Google Cloud
    • Docker
  2. Full-Stack Developer @ Alia Technologies S.L.

    • Full-stack development of digital twins and intelligent chatbots.
  3. Full-Stack Developer @ TripleAlpha

    • Full-stack development of TwinBro, a KPI platform for livestock farming on Azure with IoT integration over ZigBee and an LLM-based chatbot that writes reports.
    • Azure
    • IoT · ZigBee
    • LLMs
  4. AI Research Team Lead @ UVigo Motorsport

    • Led the transformation of a Formula Student single-seater into a driverless vehicle, heading the autonomous-vehicle section.
    • Coordinated cross-functional teams with an Agile methodology, and acted as the contact with companies, students and university staff.
    • First qualification for Formula Student UK at Silverstone, finishing in the top 10 in our debut.
    • ROS
    • CAN bus
    • NVIDIA Jetson
    • Agile
  5. Computer Vision Research Engineer @ UVigo Motorsport

    • Object detection with a stereoscopic camera, reaching 95% accuracy and precision.
    • CNN architecture for reliable depth estimation up to 8 metres.
    • In-vehicle communication over CAN bus and inter-module communication through ROS.
    • Python
    • CNN
    • Stereo vision
    • ROS
    • CAN bus
  6. Lead & instructor @ GDG Ourense

    • Leading, coordinating and teaching training and outreach activities: courses, talks, workshops and hackathons.
    • Paper Reading Club with GDG A Coruña: sessions to read research papers together, with the recaps written up on Medium.
  7. Digital skills instructor · “Navega con Rumbo” (Xunta de Galicia) @ Colexio Profesional de Enxeñaría en Informática de Galicia

    • Sessions in schools on safe and responsible use of the internet and social media for students, teachers and families, covering digital risks such as cyberbullying and practical prevention.
  8. Lead & instructor @ ESEI Grado2

    • Training activities on artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and emerging technologies: talks, workshops and hackathons, speaker coordination, and repositories, software and teaching material for participants.
    • Jury member of an AI hackathon with more than 20 university students.

Education

  • Degree

    Master's degree in Computer Engineering

    Universidade de Vigo · 2024–2026

    Master's thesis: Patch-Effect Graph Kernels for LLM Interpretability.

  • Degree

    Bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering

    Universidade de Vigo · 2020–2026

    Bachelor's thesis: a control and management system for poultry farms, built on an information architecture that enables a digital twin powered by data processing and AI.

Languages

  • SpanishNative
  • GalicianNative
  • EnglishFull professional
  • PortugueseLimited working
  • ChineseElementary

Licenses & certifications

  • Quantum Computing Master Class

    CESGA

  • Business Analysis & Process Management

    Coursera

  • LangChain Chat with Your Data

    DeepLearning.AI

  • Data Analysis on Google Cloud

    Google

  • Introduction to Large Language Models

    Google

  • Intro to Deep Learning

    Kaggle

  • Machine Learning Onramp

    MathWorks

  • Machine Learning with MATLAB

    MathWorks

  • Azure AI Fundamentals: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

    Microsoft

  • Building Machine Learning models

    Microsoft

  • Getting and transforming data with Power BI

    Microsoft

  • Preparing data for analysis with Power BI

    Microsoft

  • Data Warehousing Workshop

    Snowflake

  • Introduction to Quantum Computing

    Universidad de Deusto

  • Agile Transformation of Organisations

    Universidade de Vigo

  • Data Infrastructure Applied to Transport

    Universidade de Vigo

  • Practical project management with Microsoft Project

    Universidade de Vigo